Since Spears had filed, Federline, who she said was "enthralled with fame and power," was able to insist that she pay his legal bills. "I was led to believe that it would be better if I did it first so that I wasn't humiliated," she writes. So, in November 2006, she set the divorce in motion. During her pregnancy with Jayden James toward the end of their marriage, she says she went to visit him on a music video set in Las Vegas and a security guard refused to let her on set.Īccording to Spears, she was eventually advised by her lawyer to file for divorce because Federline was determined to end the marriage but felt "guilty" about filing papers. In one incident, Spears says she flew to New York to see Federline while he was working and claims that he and his manager refused to talk to her. Spears is open about her marriage to her ex-husband, former dancer Kevin Federline, in the book.įrom the "Crossroads" star's perspective, once the couple had their sons Sean Preston and Jayden James Federline, her husband was barely around and she had perinatal depression. I knew it was going to be bad."Īfter the performance, the "Womanizer" singer writes that she was "backstage sobbing hysterically."īritney Spears and Kevin Federline in 2005 before the birth of their first child. "I couldn't believe I was going to have to go out onstage feeling the way I felt," she writes. She also says that people were judging her for her lack of abs, despite her having her second baby less than a year before. There was a problem with her costume and hair extensions, she was feeling dizzy due to lack of sleep, and she felt she hadn't rehearsed enough. Spears reveals a lot was going wrong behind the scenes before the performance. "The only problem with this plan: I was not fine," she writes. Spears writes that she was pressured to perform at the VMAs by her team, who wanted her to "show the world I was fine." In her memoir, Spears addresses the night, saying she didn't think the performance was good either. Spears has performed at the MTV Video Music Awards on multiple occasions, but her opening number for the 2007 show was the only one to be universally criticized. The performance was one of Spears' first since giving birth to her two children. Spears said her parents quickly arranged the annulment and got the "Toxic" singer and Alexander to sign the papers. 'We have to get this annulled,' they said." "'You got married!' they said, as if that might be somehow worse. "They showed up and stared at me with these eyes of such fury. Spears says that her parents flew to Vegas the next day and "started World War III" over the wedding. "I was just honestly very drunk - and probably, in a more general sense at that time in my life, very bored," she says. Spears clarifies that they were not "in love." In the middle of their third night together, Spears says they got really drunk and went to A Little White Wedding Chapel, the famous venue that has hosted several celebrity elopements, and got married. She writes that during a New Year's Eve trip to Vegas, she had a brief relationship with Alexander, whom she doesn't name in the memoir. In her memoir, she explains that she decided to get married to Alexander on a whim while she was drunk. In 2004, Spears famously was married to her childhood friend Jason Alexander for 55 hours before they got it annulled. Matthew Peyton/Getty Images and Danny Moloshok/AP She says she wanted to go to the hospital, but in the interest of keeping everything secret, no one took her. The singer also writes that Timberlake was laying on the floor with her and strumming his guitar, thinking music might soothe her. She recalls being scared and in a lot of pain at the time, "sobbing and screaming" on her bathroom floor, and wondering if she was going to die. Spears took the abortion pills while at home with Timberlake and Felicia Culotta, who was her assistant at the time. She says that if it were her choice alone, she wouldn't have had the abortion. She remembers agreeing to have an abortion because Timberlake "didn't want to be a father" at that time in his life. He said we weren't ready to have a baby in our lives, that we were way too young." "But Justin definitely wasn't happy about the pregnancy. This would just be much earlier than I'd anticipated," the "Toxic" singer writes of the pregnancy. I always expected us to have a family together one day. "It was a surprise, but for me, it wasn't a tragedy. She writes that despite her public declaration that she was a virgin, she got pregnant while they were dating and had an abortion. Ron Galella, Ltd./Ron Galella Collection via Getty Imagesīritney Spears doesn't hold back when recalling details of her romance with Justin Timberlake, which lasted from 1999 to 2002. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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The way any Golemancer, and thus also our Summon Carrion Golem build plays, is very similar. The only thing the build cannot run is Physical Reflect, as your minions will kill themselves. – Whereas the clear is very respectable, it is still a minion build and so is not as fast as some other builds Map Modifiers to be Avoided – Requires you to drop a lot of damage to circumvent the lack of Primordial Jewels + Can be played in SSF, as the Primordial Jewels can be farmed through cards Cons + Incredibly tanky & reliable for end-game bossing + Whenever you upgrade it to medium budget it becomes insanely overpowered + Clears the early-game content very reliably on a budget Getting all of your Primordial Jewels is definitely a major upgrade and should be considered something you want to get as soon as possible! Pros and Cons Pros The issue there is that Cold Iron Points are your main source of Damage and you wont feel as overpowered until you have those in your setup. You can circumvent this when you are still farming up currency by running double Clayshapers over the endgame options in Cold Iron Point. Since you are using 2 utility Golems, additional sources of Golems are really big for you and you really want one of these as soon as possible. Golem builds generally rely on The Anima Stone to gain an extra 2 Golems to get their maximum Golems up. Obviously, depending on popularity in a League, flavor of the month builds do come at a little step-up in entry cost. Both of these, in an ideal setup, offer you about 900 Life Per Second and 24% Flat Physical Damage Reduction (which otherwise rarely exists on items as it is incredibly strong as a Defensive mechanic). These are what makes the build feel incredibly tanky and nice to play. This means it is missing out on bonusses from Stone and Chaos Golem which are amplified through the Golem Jewels. Since the other variant is a Necromancer, it doesn’t allow for extra Golems over the Carrions they use to do Damage. There are two variants of the build, the Low-Life one which relies on a lot of Energy Shield Regen to out regenerate most of the incoming damage and the one we are covering which is an Elementalist Life based version. The build is all over the place and rightfully so. I’d be surprised if you played 3.12 Heist League and never encountered a guy running around with Golems in your or their hideout when trading. This is the main reason why the build went from rarely encountered to a top tier meta pick in 3.10 Delirium League and ever since. While Flame Golems still will be clearing better and Stone Golems can definitely compete for Single Target Damage, the Summon Carrion Golem does both of them really well making it a really well-versed all around build! Carrion Golems offered a way out of that. Going from having to make a choice between either clear speed with Summon Flame Golems or Boss Damage with Summon Stone Golems before made Golems almost always a one-dimensional build. Especially after the release of Summon Carrion Golem in 3.8.0 Blight League it pushed up the effectiveness of Golems by a decent chunk. A Golemancer is something I felt like we really needed to cover and have in our arsenal of guides for you. In fact, these days, not only is it NOT shameful to make use of these tools, listeners are used to listening to perfected performances, so you can actually be holding your record back by not making use of these tools. Very, very few artists receive no help from pitch correction (Adele and Billie Eilish are examples). While this hard tuning is the most obvious and noticeable use of pitch correction software, almost every record you hear these days has gone through a vocal editing stage. Originally intended for the subtle nudging of slightly off-tune performances into place, artists like T-Pain and Cher largely popularized the extreme use of the tool to give vocals that classic hard tuned effect that we know so well in modern pop. In this blog post, we’ll list 8 of the best autotune plugins you should be using this year. Since it was the original product, autotune became the household term for any form of pitch correction, even when a different tool is used. This allowed it to recognize a note being sung and move it to the nearest semitone. It combined a pitch detection algorithm with pitch-shifting algorithms. The company Antares released the first version of its legendary pitch correction software in 1997. Ready to explore how to get autotune without breaking the bank? Dive into the world of free autotune plugins and elevate your music production game.Autotune plugins are now a pretty household term, but in reality, it’s the name of a specific product. Whether you’re correcting pitch imperfections or diving into creative vocal manipulations, these free autotune VSTs can seamlessly substitute the renowned Auto-Tune effect by Antares. Voloco by Resonant Cavity – For more information access Moreover, it serves as a creative tool, allowing intentional alterations to vocal timbre and melody, famously known as the “T-Pain effect” or “the Cher effect,” popularized by Cher’s iconic song “Believe.” Discover the Best Free Autotune VSTs of 2024Ĭurious about the best free autotune plugins in 2024? Here’s a snapshot of the top contenders: Graillon 2 Free Edition – Graillon PLUGIN AUTO TUNE FL STUDIO MAutoPitch – How To Use Mautopitch FREE AUTOTUNE GSnap by Graham Yeadon – How to Use Gsnap FL STUDIO KeroVee by g200kg – How to Use KeroVee FREE PLUGIN TrapTune Free Edition – How to Use Traptune Plugin Used judiciously, an autotune plugin can deliver flawlessly tuned vocals without sounding artificial. Pitch correction, the primary function of autotune, comes to the rescue for correcting pitch imperfections in vocal recordings. Understanding the Magic of Pitch Correction All you need is a digital audio workstation capable of hosting VSTs. Our curated list of free autotune VST plugins is here to ensure your vocals remain pitch-perfect. If your music production toolkit lacks a reliable pitch correction tool, fret not. PLUGIN AUTO TUNE FL STUDIO Elevate Your Vocal Game with Free Autotune VST Plugins While the Antares Auto-Tune plugin offers a 14-day trial, the options we’re about to explore provide a more permanent solution for those seeking a cost-effective approach. Now, the power of pitch correction is within reach for everyone, thanks to a selection of free autotune alternatives. While the coveted pitch correction features were once confined to the premium Antares Auto-Tune Pro plugin with a hefty $399 price tag, the landscape has evolved. Voloco by Resonant Cavity – For more information accessĪutotune stands as a fundamental tool in the realm of music production, shaping vocals across various genres, from chart-topping hits to the raw demos of indie artists.TrapTune Free Edition – How to Use Traptune Plugin.KeroVee by g200kg – How to Use KeroVee FREE PLUGIN.GSnap by Graham Yeadon – How to Use Gsnap FL STUDIO.MAutoPitch – How To Use Mautopitch FREE AUTOTUNE.Graillon 2 Free Edition – Graillon PLUGIN AUTO TUNE FL STUDIO.Discover the Best Free Autotune VSTs of 2024.Understanding the Magic of Pitch Correction.PLUGIN AUTO TUNE FL STUDIO Elevate Your Vocal Game with Free Autotune VST Plugins.Unveiling the Top Free Autotune VST Plugins for 2024. This membrane can form due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusions, and ischemic, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. This is associated with neovascularization of the iris. Īcquired iris ectropion can occur in many conditions and is more common than congenital ectropion uveae. Fibrovascular membrane formation on the anterior surface of the iris causes tractional forces pulling the posterior pigment epithelium of the iris to the anterior surface. Neurofibromatosis, Prader-Willi syndrome, facial hemihypertrophy, prominent corneal nerves, asthma, dental problems (late-onset), and Rieger anomaly may be associated with congenital iris ectropion. Developmental glaucoma is a frequent association. Mild to moderate ptosis with good levator function may be seen. The pupil is usually round and reactive. Other features are anterior insertion of the root of the iris and trabecular dysgenesis. The sphincter muscle of the iris and the stroma are not affected. The iris surface is glassy smooth and devoid of crypts. The posterior pigment epithelium of the iris is found on the anterior stroma at birth. Progressive open-angle glaucoma may be associated in some cases due to the dysgenesis of the angle of the anterior chamber. īoleslaw Wicherkiewicz, a Polish ophthalmologist in 1891 and Spiro in 1896, are credited with reporting iris ectropion syndrome. Congenital iris ectropion is usually unilateral and nonprogressive, though bilateral cases have been reported. Iris flocculi are congenital smooth cyst-like benign structures arising from the pigmented epithelium at the pupillary margin. However, he was actually describing iris flocculi. Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU, or primary iris pigment epithelial hyperplasia) was first reported by Colsman in 1869. Iris ectropion syndrome can be congenital or acquired. Iris ectropion syndrome (ectropion iridis or ectropion uveae) is characterized by ectropion or the presence of the pigmented epithelium of the iris on the anterior surface of the iris. More dungeon changes, item fixes and a whole lot of PvP gear upgrade adjustments arrive in today's hotfix.Īddressed an issue where Shadowbolt Volley debuff from Dantalionax can linger on players after he is defeated.įixed an issue where Gerenth the Vile’s Hypnosis Bat was incorrectly being cast on non-keystone difficulties. Here's a more detailed interview with Liquid's Tagzz from a few hours after they went dark: Hopefully we get to see where they ended up tomorrow, as we're going into half a day of old-school no shared strategy! I have to say I missed it a little. It's seems there's a LOT of phase 2 that they do not want Echo to know about, either the fight details themselves, or their own strategy for handling it. They might be calling it an early night as well, but we can't be sure. We'll see what "a few more pulls" ends up being, as it may be in the hundred+ if they keep up their regular schedule and pull frequency. Now, Liquid normally has at least another 6 hours of raiding ahead of them, on their shorter days, and 7 on regular ones. Now that they knew what to expect from P2 they also knew which specs to gear so they went for about an hour of Mythic+ and a few Fyrakk Normal splits.Īfter they were done GM Max dropped quite the bombshell:Īnd in case you wanted more context to that clip, there is none, aside from a long period of being muted right up until that point. After Echo's recent World 2nd on Tindral and Liquid's first phase 2 pull the NA guild decided to do some gearing. Well here's another twist in the Amirdrassil RWF tale. You can find it at the bottom of the article. Update: we've added a new, lengthier interview with Liquid about the decision to go dark. Capital Grill (610) 265-1415 | 1.6 MileĮxperience includes aged beef, award winning wine, and private dining.Sullivan's is 1940's styled steakhouse featuring the finest steaks and seafood, unparalleled martinis, and great live jazz! Maggiano's Little Italy is located adjacent to the King of Prussia Mall! Our bustling 300 seat restaurant includes a comfortable bar area, mezzanine dining, a spacious wrap-around outdoor porch and the area's largest banquet facilities capable of accommodating over 200 guests. After looking at our menu you'll see why Champps is not your typical sports bar. Enjoy salads, burgers, pastas and desserts that may be worth the trip all by themselves. Our menu also features specialty dishes like Chicken Madeira, Miso Salmon, Cajun Jambalaya Pasta and The Factory Burger.īurgers, beer and sports on big screen TVs are our specialties at Champps. The Cheesecake Factory is a unique, upscale casual dining restaurant offering more than 200 menu selections including Appetizers, Pizza, Pasta, Seafood, Steaks, Salads, Sandwiches and more. Valley Forge National Historical Park commemorates more than the collective sacrifices and dedication of the Revolutionary War generation, it pays homage to the ability of everyday Americans to pull together and overcome adversity during extraordinary times. Bahama Breeze (610) 962-0922 | 0.4 MilesĪ great happy hour spot with a lot of space, a really big bar (always warms your heart) pool tables and tons of specials. One very obvious effect is that you can have an idea of a civilization's voting intentions in the Congress if you follow the same Ideology even if you have no Diplomat in their Capital! But other than that, those that follow the same Ideology as yours will tend to be more friendly to you, supportive, and open to sharing information. Ideology has a big impact on the diplomatic relations with other civilizations, both in standard negotiations and in the matters of the World Congress. Ideology image on the Social policies popup The way you adopt tenets shapes your Ideology, and tailors it to your needs and goals. These are basically theme-based social policies, and provide different bonuses for the empire. You can then focus on that path by adopting tenets for the chosen Ideology. Choose very carefully - the Ideology will channel the rest of the game for you!īy choosing an Ideology, you choose a path for the continued social development of your civilization. When you are deciding on the Ideology, you can see the recommended Victory types for each Ideology furthermore, you can see all its tenets when you click on its details. Happiness can be strongly affected by ideological interaction, and in fact hamper a civ's development.Įvery civilization will be prompted to choose an Ideology upon reaching the Modern Era or controlling three Factories (either by constructing them or gaining control of cities with such a building). Besides bonuses provided, there are also diplomatic repercussions, especially when empires don't share an Ideology. Ideologies can be conceptualized as large, mutually exclusive social policy trees which affect not only one's own civilization, but also exert pressure on other civilizations. The three Ideologies available were formerly the Industrial Era social policies, which have now been expanded with additional content and more interesting gameplay mechanics in order to provide another level of depth in the late game. Ideologies take your society to the next level of social development, when tradition and customs cease to be the means for some additional bonuses for the empire and instead become a kind of a philosophical system which not only organizes your empire's view of the world, but is also able to affect the hearts and minds of common people in other nations. Ideologies are a new end-game concept introduced in the Civilization V: Brave New World expansion pack. 3 Public Opinion and Preferred Ideology. Are you familiar with her revised version of The Divine Damsel of Devastation?”įurina can't say she's ever paid much attention to the goings-on outside of Fontaine. Our nation's crown jewel, Yun Jin, does us proud. Should you ever find yourself in Liyue Harbor, in turn, I would recommend paying a visit to the Yun-Han Opera Troupe. I would deem it a tragic romance worthy of an encore viewing. “The mezzo-soprano did a stunning rendition of the entrance aria, enough to outshine the rest of the cast. “ Oiseau rebelle,” Zhongli confirms with a modest smile. busy, so perhaps I shall take your recommendation into consideration!” “What show did you see? L'amour est un oiseau rebelle? Comme la plume au vent, femme est volage? I haven't attended any operas this season since I've been. “Ahem! Well, it's always a pleasure to meet fans of the theatre, especially those who journeyed so far to reach our fair waters,” Furina announces, slipping into her sociable starlet persona. She coughs into her fist to disguise it, then flashes them both a superficial smile, the shallow, dazzling glamor she reserves for people seeking her autograph. The intense molten amber of Zhongli's gaze holds Furina hostage until she finally breaks eye contact first, suppressing a shiver. However eccentric my employer may be, I can assure you, she means you no harm.” Director Hu insisted on chaperoning me, although less out of a love of fine arts and more to enforce a souvenir shopping budget. “The Traveler was kind enough to send us tickets, knowing my appreciation for opera. “We have just returned from viewing a fine performance at your inimitable Opéra Épiclèse,” Zhongli interrupts in his stately baritone, sliding Hu Tao's cappuccino out of her reach. “Although, not not today, it could happen at literally any time! Some of the cadavers I've received have been completely healthy in every way, and bam, they just dropped dead out of the blue from something like a brain aneurysm or a faulty heart – and that's not even accounting for outside causes, like getting jumped by the Fatui, or eating suspicious seafood, or–!” Her swift words tumble from her lips like rolling pebbles caught in a stream, a jumble of colorful nonsense. “I don't mean today, silly-frilly-churl,” Hu Tao giggles, sticking out her tongue. “I-I won't hesitate to call for the gardes! And, um, there are witnesses here, so. “I beg your pardon?” Furina blusters, looking haughtily down her nose. Furina squares her shoulders and looks warily at Hu Tao, trying to judge if she's being threatened. Hu Tao's ironclad grip on her wrist is an anchor dragging her down, down, down, until she sinks reluctantly into the empty seat. Neuvillette has more important things to do than waste his time with her. The Palais Mermonia is her home no longer, nor would it be proper to beseech him to intervene on her pathetic behalf anyway. Her nervous gaze darts automatically for Neuvillette, before remembering he isn't with her. It's a far cry from what Furina's been eating lately, the meager results of her own novice cooking, but she has no appetite for desserts at the moment.įurina is not sure how she ended up in this precarious situation – just that she needs to get out of it, and quick. Small trays of confections including conch madeleines, pâte de fruits, and petits fours, are arranged artfully around their table, some of the finest their city has to offer. The visitors from Liyue, friends of the Traveler, are seated on the patio of Café Lutèce beneath one of the cheery blue parasols. Zhongli only sighs in weary familiarity at Hu Tao's impiousness, and takes another sip of his tea. “I'm just giving you something to look forward to!” Hu Tao smiles in devilish encouragement, baring all her teeth. ← Previous Work Part 17 of genshin collection: gen fics Stats: Published: Words: 3,300 Chapters: 1/1 Comments: 19 Kudos: 193 Bookmarks: 29 Hits: 1,516įurina's question is asked in a very small voice. Mentioned Fontaine Characters (Genshin Impact).death as a casual topic of conversation.Post-Chapter 4 Act V: Masquerade of the Guilty (Genshin Impact).Furina & Hu Tao & Neuvillette & Zhongli (Genshin Impact). This depends on your personal preference be it at home, hotel, or venue. Location & Your Guest List: Now that you have picked your party theme, here comes the turn to select the location t host a birthday party. Hang some fairy lights and other essential party decoration items to get more innovative and make the venue look more appealing. You can decorate your venue with some arch of balloons, HAPPY BIRTHDAY banners, photo booth props, and foil balloons as well. Get your venue booked a few months earlier if you are planning to throw a bash in a venue. After you have decided on your party theme, think about the best suitable event venue and party decoration. If you have planned for an evening party then consider the timings for the preparation of snacks and dinners to be served.īooking & Decoration of the Venue: No matter where you want to celebrate your special day, be it at house or any banquet, the decoration of the party space plays one of the essential roles. After deciding your theme and location, make sure which time of the day would you pick for your guests’ arrival. The timing of any event plays a very essential role. Think About Timings: You are about to throw a beautiful birthday party for your loved ones and are in dilemma for its planning. Your budget can give you an idea of the whole planning scenario. Before finalizing any kind of venue, it is recommended to start with the theme.ĭetermine Your Budget: To organize any kind of event, it is important to be realistic and concentrate on how much you can spend on your spending. Party theme helps you to get the idea of whose birthday it is, what the location will be, and what other arrangements will be made according to the theme. Know Your Birthday Party Theme: No matter whose birthday party you are hosting to plan, and where you are supposed to host, it is very important to figure out the party’s theme. You can take approximately two months to slowly and calmly plan and make a checklist. Do not drag the planning just before a week of the special day as you might miss some essential parts. It all depends upon your planning experience. Now that you have planned and made a list for all the needed supplies, here comes the crucial part of planning which needs to be done a few months back. Also do not miss out table cloths and some centerpieces to make space look more beautiful. However, if you’re the one who is the planner as well as organizer then do not forget sufficient tables and chairs. Table & Chairs: If you have rented space and an event planner then, this will be done by them. Make sure you get them from a party shop or an online party store. Party Favours: You can get a range of candy bars and bubbles if your birthday is for your little ones.įood & Beverage Supplies: Apart from all the groceries and beverages, make sure not to miss out on biodegradable disposals as they are hygienic and do not need extra staff to wash dishes.īalloons: A classical birthday décor is always incomplete without balloons. Make sure to have candles and a handy lighter for the day. Look for the best bakery that gets every customized cake done. So, what will you be needing?īirthday Cake: One of the most important things for any birthday is the birthday cake. It is very important to make list before visiting a local party supply shop, market, or use it while ordering online so that you can make pretty much for the essentials needed for the day. We have curated some of the amazing planning checklists so can we can guide you step-by-step on putting on an awesome event. But this is the point where people get paused and think where to start the planning from after all there are huge lists that are to be taken care of. Making a plan is a big YES when it comes to hosting a celebration party on your or your loved one’s birthday. Every celebration comes with huge responsibilities and planning. What makes your day more exciting is the way you think differently about your celebration. From being a small kid to a grown-up, you might have selected certain themes for your birthday and sometimes might also have celebrated the same way repetitively. There is always one of your loved ones or a favorite person who has tried to make your special day full of fun, surprises, and gestures of thanking you to be in their life. No matter what way you welcome your born day, your birthday deserves to be full of fun as it will be marking your milestone and stepping forward in your new journey too. As the year passes and marks your fabulous trip of the year, now comes your special day! Birthdays come like seasons, some tend to welcome it with happiness and huge investments while some try to make it simple and memorable. This finding suggests that the OND averaged TP SCE is not a good indicator of the TP snow climate effect, especially for the impact during the ensuing seasons. This study aims to establish a linkage between the preceding TP snow cover and spring Arctic sea-ice variability.Ī recent study 34 notes that the persistence of October-November-December (OND, late autumn) TP snow cover extent (SCE) anomalies is typically limited to within two months. However, it is unclear whether there is a physical pathway through which the TP snow conditions can influence Arctic sea ice variability. Given that the variations in the Pacific North American teleconnection and Aleutian Low might play a role in Arctic sea-ice variability 12, 13, Arctic sea-ice variability may be linked to TP snow conditions via atmospheric circulation systems. The spring TP snow cover could influence the simultaneous Aleutian Low 26. For instance, late autumn TP snow cover anomalies may lead to a remote winter Pacific North American teleconnection response through a persistent snow forcing from autumn to winter 24, 25. This is largely because the TP snow cover has cross-seasonal climate impacts 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. Previous studies suggest that preceding Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover anomalies could be one of the precursors to extratropical circulation systems 24, 25, 26. Moreover, the Arctic sea-ice spring predictability barrier 23 signifies the importance of exploring the precursors of spring Arctic sea ice variability. These studies have focused mainly on summer, autumn and winter Arctic sea ice variability, but relatively few studies have examined the origin of spring Arctic sea-ice variability. Arctic atmospheric anomalies, such as Ural blocking and variations in the polar vortex, exert prominent impacts on winter Arctic sea ice through changes in downward longwave radiation caused by water vapor, temperature changes and sea-ice drift 17, 18, 20. Tropical air-sea interactions, e.g., the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the associated Pacific North American teleconnection, can impact summer and autumn Arctic sea-ice variability through atmospheric moisture and heat transports 13, 14. The physical processes involved in Arctic sea-ice loss include oceanic warming, lapse rate feedback, Planck, albedo feedbacks, atmospheric moisture and energy transport 7, 8, 9, some of which may exacerbate Arctic warming and sea-ice melting via increased surface heating 10, 11, 12.Īrctic sea-ice variability is influenced by tropical 13, 14, 15, 16 and mid- to high-latitude ocean-atmospheric processes 17, 18, 19, 20 and global warming 10, 21, 22. In recent decades, the Arctic has witnessed significant sea-ice loss 4, 5, 6. This cyclonic system favors the reduction in spring Arctic sea-ice by equatorward sea ice drift, implying a link between spring Arctic sea-ice and the Tibetan Plateau snow increment indicator through the wave train and sea-ice dynamic processes.Īrctic sea-ice anomalies have been recognized as an indicator of local and remote climate extremes because they directly impact on the atmosphere through thermodynamic and radiative processes 1, 2, 3. Faster Tibetan Plateau snow cover extent increment leads to stronger Tibetan Plateau cooling and disturbance along the subtropical westerly jet, thereby inducing a Tibetan Plateau-Arctic wave train and a spring Arctic cyclonic anomaly. This snow increment indicator improves the standard deviation by 72.6% and diabatic cooling by 89.7% over the entire Tibetan Plateau, which shows a robust link to the subsequent spring Arctic sea-ice concentration. Here, we establish a snow indicator for Tibetan Plateau snow variability: the snow cover extent increment within late autumn. However, the commonly used snow indicator cannot fully represent the interannual variability in late autumn Tibetan Plateau snow. Tibetan Plateau snow has long been recognized as a sensitive indicator of climate variability. |
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